Casting Defects

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A . 尺寸,形状缺陷

铸造缺陷casting defects

尺寸超差impropershrinkage allowance

尺寸不合格wrong size

模样错误excess rappingof pattern, deformed pattern, pattern error

壁厚不均differentthickness

铸型下垂mold sag

 

错型mold shift,shift, miss-match, cross-joint

舂移ram off, ramaway

塌型mold drop,drop off, drop out, drop sticker

上型下沉,沉芯sag( 上型和型芯下垂导致壁厚减小)

飞翅fins, joint flash

翘曲warp age,buckling, warping, camber

铸件变形warped casting

挤箱push up,cramp-off

型裂broken mold,cracked

掉砂crush ofmold, crush

变形deformation,casting distortion, warped casting

  1. 缩孔(由凝固收缩引起)

缩孔shrinkage,shrinkaged cavity

内部缩孔internalshrinkage, dispersed shrinkage, blind shrinkage

敞露缩孔open shrinkage,external shrinkages, sink marks, depression

缩松porosity, shrinkage porosity,leakers, micro shrinkage, disperded shrinkage

缩陷sink marks,draw, suck-in

芯面缩孔core shrinkage

内角缩孔cornershrinkage, fillet shrinkage

出汗孔extruded bead,exudation

线状缩孔fissure likeshrinkage

  1. 气体缺陷(由气体引起的孔)

气孔blowholes,gas hole, blow

针孔pinholes

裂纹状缺陷,线状缺陷fissure defects

  1. 裂纹

裂纹crack

缩裂shrinkage crack

季裂seasoncracking, season crack

应力热裂hot cracking,hot tearing, hot tear

淬火裂纹quench crack,quenching crack

应力冷裂cold cracking,breakage, cold tearing, cold tear

龟裂crack

激冷层裂纹,白裂chill crack

  1. 夹杂物

夹渣slaginclusion, slag blowholes

砂眼sandinclusion, raised sand, sand hole

其他夹杂物the other inclusion

胀砂push up,cramp-off, sand hole

掉砂crush, crushof mold

硬点hard spot

浮渣dross ( 浇注后在铸型内形成的缺陷,尤其是石墨、氧化物和硫化物的线状缺陷的总称,另外,浇注过程中被卷进去的缺陷成为夹渣和砂眼,两者的区别是形成原因不同)

石墨浮渣graphite dross,carbon dross

氧化皮夹渣oxide dross, oxideinclusion, skins, seams

硫化物熔渣sulfide dross

沉淀物sludge

夹渣物sand inclusion,oxide inclusion, skins, seams

黑点,黑渣black spots,lustrous carbon

涂料夹渣blacking,refractory coating inclusions

光亮碳膜lustrous carbonfilms, kish tracks

  1. 外观缺陷

浇不足misrun, shortrun, cold lap, cold shut

冷隔cold shut,cold laps

轻度冷隔seam

两重皮plate

皱皮surface fold,gas run, elephant skin, seams, scare, flow marks

漏箱run-out,runout, break-out, bleeder

漏芯mold drop,stiker

未浇满short pours,short run, poured short

气孔blowholes, blow

飞翅fins,joint flash

胀砂,气疱swell, blister

芯撑未融合chaplet shut,insert cold shut, unfused chaplet

热粘砂burn in

热痕flow marks

内渗豆,冷豆,冷隔internal sweating, coldshot, shot iron

外渗物sweating

磷化物渗豆phosphide sweat

铅渗豆lead sweat

锡渗豆tin sweat

掉砂rat, sticker (型砂的一部分附着在模样上而形成的表面缺陷)

  1. 型芯缺陷

砂芯断裂crushed core,broken core

砂芯压碎broken core

芯面缩孔core blow

砂芯缩孔core blow

砂芯下垂sag core,deformed core

砂芯弯曲deformed core

漂芯shiftedcore, core raise, raised core, mold element cutout

偏芯core shift

  1. 表面缺陷

沾砂burn on,sand burning, burn in , penetration

粘型(金属型)fusion

两重皮laminations ,plat

机械粘砂penetration ,metal penetration

夹渣结疤scabs ,expansion scabs , corner scab

表面粗糙rough casting ,rough surface

鼠尾buckle , rattail

涂料结疤blacking scab ,wash scabs

烘干不足sever surface ,wash scabs

熟痕surfacedefect casting by combination of gas and shrinkage ( 在靠近厚断面处形成下陷的蛇状伤痕)

涂料剥落wash erosion

气疱blister ,surface or subsurface blow hole

表面粗糙rough surface ,seems , scars

起皮stripping

剥落结疤pull down ,spalling scab

伤痕crow’s feet

麻面pittingsurface , orange peel , alligator skin

热裂痕surface folds, gas runs

泡疤表面surface folds ,gas runs

象皮状皱皮surface fold , gasrun , elephant skin

皱皮surface fold, gas run , seams , scare , flow marks

波纹wave

冲砂wash

冲蚀erosion

  1. 组织缺陷(铸铁)

球化不良poor nodularity, degenerated graphite

蠕墨化不良degeneratedgraphite

异常石墨abnormalgraphite

开花状石墨exploded graphite

过冷石墨under cooledgraphite , D-type graphite

石墨细小颗粒chunky graphite

石墨粗大kish graphite ,kish

整列石墨aligned graphite

石墨漂浮floated graphite

石墨魏氏组织Widmannstattengraphite

麻口mottled cast iron , mottle

灰点mottle

反麻口inverse mottle ( 与麻口相反,在薄断面处和尖角处形成的麻口)

白口chill

反白口reverse chill , inverse chill

冷豆extruded bead , exudation ,internal sweating

退火不足miss annealing , incomplete annealing

粗大枝晶组织coarsened dendritic

反偏析inverse segregation

比重偏析gravity segregation

溶质偏析solute segregation

宏观偏析macroscopic segregation

微观偏析microscopic segregation

  1. 断口缺陷

表面铁素体ferrite rim

表面珠光体pearlite rim

白缘,脱碳pearlitic rim , picture frame , pearlitelayer

不均匀断口heterogeneous fractured surface

破碎激冷层scattered chill structure , cold flakes

晶粒粗大rough grain

尖钉状断口spiky fractured surface

冰糖状断口rock candy fracture surface

  1. 力学性能缺陷

硬点hard spot ( 对铸件,硬点是硬区、白口或冷豆等力学性能缺陷的总称;对铝合金,硬点是铸件内各种高硬度相,如初晶Si相、金属间化合物、氧化物,偏析等总称)

硬度不良poor hardness , too high or lowhardness

  1. 使用性能缺陷

腐蚀性不良poor corrosion resistance

切削性不良poor machinability

麻点torn surface

锌晶间腐蚀zinc intergranular corrosion

电导率不良poor electrical conductivity

  1. 其他缺陷

残留飞翅residual fin

残留黑皮residualblack skin

浇道冒口断口缺肉broken casting at gate , riser or vent

端部缺肉inside cut

切口缺肉(压铸件)inside cut

翘曲( 喷丸引起)camber, excessive cleaning

铸件弯曲( 铸件变形)warped casting , casting distortion , deformed mold , mold creep

打磨缺肉crow’s feet

铸造管理缺陷

裂纹crack

压痕impression

残留物

型砂残留sand inclusions

喷丸粒残留residual shot

锌蒸汽向炉壁渗透zinc infiltration into refractory